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As we knew, for about 44 years ago, there was a bloody political and military movement in Indonesia. The movement was known as the 1965 Indonesia Communist Party movement on September, 30th 1965. This tragedy was followed by the delegation of authority from president Soekarno to president Soeharto. For about 44 years, this tragedy has been blurred by the president Soeharto’s new era. But, step by step the truth of this historical movement is being revealed to the surface.
In my point of view, there are three suspects from three different scenarios who was responsible to this bloody movement
The first is according to the Soeharto’s New Era point of view. Based on Parliament Constitution number 33/MPR/1967, president Soekarno was the second person who responsible to this tragedy. Why? Because he gave Indonesia Communist Party some kind of freedom to grow and became one of the political power in parliament. Because of some reasons this party tried to straight back and took over the government and parliament power.
The second is according to the Reformation Era. Of course, for those who are Soekarno’s followers, they began to try to unwrap this mysterious tragedy. Who was responsible according to them? Former and the late president Soeharto, of course. Because, based on their point of view, president Soeharto wanted to fulfill his desire to the next Indonesian leader. And to achieve this goal, he tried to coup to Soekarno’s government. So, he used his military power as a general to do so and he blamed the Indonesian Communist Party for his action.
The third scenario is according to some historians and researchers. According to them, CIA was the commender in chief who responsible to this bloody movement. The reason was that the CIA wanted to protect the south East Asian countries from the communism power. And I do agree with this scenario because it is more logical and makes sense. Why? Because in my opinion, they were the prime suspect who responsible who responsible for this action and of course the first two scenarios have their own part to get involved in the movement. I will tell you why. In the 1960s, the communism power was spread out in a dippy. First, it grew in the Soviet Union and East Germany. Then, it spread out to the south, reaching China and Vietnam. At that time, the United States of America was under the president Lyndon Johnson administration was afraid to the communism threat in South East Asia countries, especially if the communism power reached Indonesia, as the biggest country in military power in South East Asia. The CIA persuaded Soeharto power in military to organize some kind of underground movement to protect Indonesia from the communism threat and got into a communist country.
The Indonesian Communist Party was legal at that time and over the CIA calculation it became one of the big political party in Indonesia. Soeharto was persuaded by the CIA, that he would be the next Indonesian president if he could eliminate the communist political power. And do you know, why did Soeharto accept this deal? Because an issue said that Soeharto was disappointed by president Soekarno’s choice. President Soekarno did not choose Soeharto as the Military Joint Chief, instead of doing that Soekarno chose another person to take a duty of that position. Furthermore, it was a big chance for Soeharto to become the commander in chief of military forces and political power in Indonesia as a president.
Never be expected before, Soeharto used the Indonesia Communist Party to achieve his aim. He manipulated the Indonesia Communist Party that they could change the Indonesia Five Basic Principles (Pancasila) into the communist ideology. The communist party officials agreed to do this action. They palnned a scenario to reach their goal, they must take over the military power first. They killed seven senior military officers in Jakarta and theother two military officers in Yogyakarta. They were:
1. General Ahmad Yani
2. Lieutenant General Siswondo Parman
3. Lieutenant General M.T. Haryono
4. Lieutenant General R. Suprapto.
5. Lieutenant Commander Donald Ifak Pandjaitan
6. Lieutenant Commander Sutoyo Siswomihardjo
7. Captain Piere tendean
8. Brigadier General Katamso
9. Colonel Sugiyono Manguwiyato.
And to honour them, the government gave them posthumous title based on Parliament Constitution Bill number 33/MPR/1967.
Because of this movement, the Soekarno administration became shaky. The Indonesian people wanted Soekarno to eliminate communism power from the parliament, military and government power. Evenless, at that time Indonesia was suffer from inflation and the people took an action as a protest against the government. Soekarno was very oppressed by so many of problems that appeared at the same time.
One day, after the condition worsened, while president Soekarno held a cabinet meeting in the Merdeka Palace (President Office) there was a rumor that outside the palace, there were some armed forces that was stand by to attack the president office. In a dippy president Soekarno was evacuated to the Bogor Palace (President state palace located in the city of Bogor, West Java) by a helicopter.
After that, there was another big historical moment called Supersemar (March 11th Mandate Instruction). Supersemar was made by Soeharto, signed and approved by president Soekarno to do any action needed to overcome the problems arose. Soekarno agreed to approve this mandate because from his point of view this mandate was only used by Soeharto to make the condition getting normal and it was not a delegation of authority. Finally, Soeharto used this mandate to search and eliminate the communism power from the parliament. How come? A general did that to the highest institution in the country? Absolutely he could do that. At that time (1959) the Indonesian Parliament was elected and appointed by president Soekarno because the status of this highest institution was only temporary.
After Soeharto succeeded to eliminate Soekarno’s followers in the parliament, Soeharto developed and spread his own power in the parliament. Through this power, Soeharto was only one step ahead to the presidency seat. At last, in 1967, in front of the parliament members, Soekarno’s responsibility statement was rejected and he was abdicated from his presidency throne, as the whole life president of Indonesia.
So my opinion concludes this:
The actor behind the Indonesia Communist Party movement in September 30th 1965 was the CIA. The CIA took any necessary action to protect South East Asian Nations, especially Indonesia from the Coummunist threat. The CIA persuaded Soeharto to take the protection action. Then, Soeharto used the Indonesia Communist Party with many enticements and they were tricked. Finally, Soekarno’s presidency fell into pieces as Soeharto overthrown him by the Supersemar (March 11th Mandate).
Well this is only in my opinion, but I think my hypothesis needs further research, only God knows…..